Generator Safety: How to Use a Generator Without Killing Yourself
Generators save you during power outages but kill over 80 people per year from carbon monoxide. Here is how to use one safely.
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The Carbon Monoxide Danger
Generators produce carbon monoxide, an odorless, colorless gas that kills. Over 80 people die every year in the US from generator carbon monoxide poisoning, and hundreds more are hospitalized. NEVER run a generator inside your home, garage, basement, or any enclosed space. Even with the garage door open, carbon monoxide can reach deadly levels in minutes. This is the single most important generator safety rule.
Proper Placement
Place the generator outdoors at least 20 feet away from your house, with the exhaust pointing away from all doors, windows, and vents. Never place it near open windows, even if it is outside. Carbon monoxide can drift into the house through windows and vents. If it is raining, use a canopy or tarp over the generator but keep all sides open for ventilation. Install battery-operated carbon monoxide detectors on every floor of your home.
Electrical Connection Safety
Never plug a generator directly into a wall outlet — this is called backfeeding and it sends electricity back through the power lines, which can electrocute utility workers and neighbors. Use heavy-duty outdoor-rated extension cords to connect individual appliances directly to the generator. For whole-house power, have an electrician install a transfer switch which safely isolates your home from the power grid when the generator is running. Transfer switches cost 200 to 500 dollars plus installation.
Fuel and Operation
Never refuel a generator while it is running or hot. Turn it off and wait 10 minutes for it to cool before adding fuel. Store fuel in approved containers away from the generator and any heat sources. Start the generator before connecting devices, and connect devices one at a time to avoid overloading. Do not exceed the generator wattage rating — add up the wattage of all connected devices and stay below the rated capacity.
